The Sickle Cell Trait

The Sickle Cell Trait is an inherited blood disorder which can result in the “sickling” of red blood cells. Though it impacts persons of all ethnicities, it is most prevalent in people of color, affecting up to one in every 11 individuals. In most cases there are no symptoms until or unless an acute crisis arises, typically due to the combination of heat and exertion. Accordingly, the SCT presents particular risks to athletes and otherwise physically active individuals. Red blood cells are responsible for delivering oxygen throughout the athlete’s body. During the intense exercise that is common in student athletics, the red blood cells of SCT-carriers can change shape and physically sickle, becoming rigid and incapable of effectively carrying oxygen. This condition can lead to muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis) and organ damage, ultimately resulting in death. The early warning signs of a such a crisis include cramping, pain, weakness and fatigue.

It is important for high school coaches and athletic programs to be aware of SCT-carriers and to have staff training and Emergency Action Plans in place for preventing and managing a potential crisis.